Epidemiological and clinico pathological study of oral cancers in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Aims:- To find out clinical and histological grading of Squamous cell carcinomas, age and sex wise study of oral Squamous cell carcinomas and the etiological factors in relation to carcinomas. Materials and methods:-The Present study for a period of 5 years from Dec 2006 to Dec 2011 was done in the department of pathology, Santhiram Teaching Hospital, Nandyal Kurnool(DT) ,Andhra Pradesh. Clinical data collected including the age, sex of the patient and intra oral site of cancer, defined clinical history of the patients were recorded and histopathology was performed using hematoxylin and eosin stain. All biopsies of biopsies of oral cancers (superficial & resected) of both sexes and all ages were included Results:- A total of 331 oral mucosal biopsy reports were studied during the period (December 2006 to December 2011) ,among the 331 cases,328 were sqaumous cell carcinomas, reaming cases are salivary gland tumors. sqaumous cell carcinoma was the major histopathological version followed by tumor of salivary gland origin. Peak incidence of oral cancers seen in age groups (51-60yr) and (61-70yrs) and males are commonly affected than females. The most common clinical compliant was ulceration. Majority of cases showing with history of tobacco smoking.Histological grading was applied on each case and based on Broder’s clasification to differentiation oral squmous cell carcinoma into well, Moderate, poor squamous cell carcinoma. More than 60% of oral sqaumous cell carcinomas were diagnosed as well differentiated sqaumous cell carcinoma. The buccal mucosa was most commonly affected site followed by the tongue. All the oral sqaumous cell carcinomas were taken for grading at the invasive tumor margin proposed by bryne.etal Conclusion: - sqaumous cell carcinoma is the predominant type of oral cancer and buccal mucosa is the most commonest site of origin for these cancers. Microscopy is very essential to diagnose oral cancer in an elderly people and given awareness to the patients and to the public society.