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Effect of birth order on placental morphology and its ratio to birth weight.

Authors:Archana. M. Hatti S. S. Imran , AshwiniH
Int J Biol Med Res. 2013; 4(1): 2765-2771  |  PDF File

Abstract

Placenta is an important organ of pregnancy and is solely responsible for intrauterine welfare of fetus. It is being studied since times immemorial and presents a wide range of variations and its variability is associated with many factors such as maternal height, weight, nutrition during pregnancy, socio-economic status, gestational age, parity (birth order), environment, blood pressure, diabetes, anemia, birth weight, infant gender etc. Although normal standards have been established it should be known that parity being an important physiological change in women’s life does affect placental morphology and very less studies have been done on placenta with regards to parity. Thus, the objective of the present study is to know the effect of birth order on placenta and establish certain norms on placental morphometric in primi’s and Multi’s keeping other factors constant and co-relate same with fetal birth weight. Placental morphometric most commonly studied are diameter, radius, surface area, circumference, central thickness, weight and volume. In the present study also, all the mentioned parameters have been noted except for volume and in addition shape was considered. Study was done on 100 placenta (50- primi and 50- multi) and results show all mentioned placental parameters are higher in Multiparous women except for central thickness but within normal standards. Birth weight and its ratio to placental weight is also higher in multiparous women, thus to conclude parity increases placental parameters favoring better fetal growth and improved fetal weight and this could be attributed to either sensitization of mother to paternal antigens or a more favorable condition of uterus due to vascular remodeling through previous pregnancies.