Pattern of lymph node diseases in a tertiary level referral center: a cytological study of 943 cases

Abstract

Aims and Objectives: To study cytological features of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of enlarged lymph nodes by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and determine the pattern of disease affecting the lymphnodes. Methods: This study was carried out at Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore on 943 cases that were referred with lymphadenopathy over a period of two years. Biopsy and special stains were done in selected cases. Results: Tuberculous lymphadenitis, reactive hyperplasia, suppurative lymphadenitis, metastatic carcinoma and lymphoma were seen in 48.5%, 27.4%, 6.9%, 23.9% and 1.9% respectively. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was seen most often in the second and third decades, while reactive hyperplasia was seen most often in first two decades of life. Metastatic carcinoma was seen predominantly above 40 years of age. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common metastatic lesion. Conclusion: The most frequent causes of were tuberculosis, metastatic malignancies and reactive lymphadenitis. FNAC alone can help in establishing the diagnosis in large number of cases. In certain situation it can be enough for diagnosis in proper clinical setting to avoid surgical procedure like biopsy.