Study of electrolyte disturbances in acute asthma

Abstract

Aims: The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of electrolyte disturbances during acute exacerbation and after standard treatment.Methods: A total of 50 patients admitted with acute asthma were enrolled in the study with random selection. Treatment started according to GINA (Global INitiation of Asthma) protocol. Serum electrolyte levels were measured at intervals of 0 min, 90 minutes and 180 minutes and 24hrs after starting nebulization and followed up to discharge. Results: Electrolyte disturbance at the time of admission was found in 27 patients (54 %); the highest proportion was Hyponatremia 16(32%), followed by Hypomagnesemia 15(30%). After standard treatment decrease in all electrolytes level was noted. Maximum drop in magnesium and potassium levels were noted at 90min, sodium and phosphorous levels at 180min. Severity of asthma was statistically and clinically significant with hypomagnesemia (P=0.04). Other electrolyte disturbances noted were not clinically significant. Conclusion: Electrolyte levels should be checked in acute exacerbation of asthma as it can alter the course of disease progression. As Hypomagnesaemia was significantly associated with severe asthma attack, serum magnesium level should be checked during admission and at least after 2 hours of nebulisation.