A prospective study on prevalence of hypertension in chronic disease patients and adverse drug reactions in chronic kidney disease patients with hypertension

Abstract

Hypertension (HTN) is very common in patients with renal disease and its prevalence increases as chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses. The prevalence of HTN in renal patients depends fundamentally on the degree of the renal failure and the type of nephropathy, but varies also, as in essential HTN, with age, sex, and body mass index. Objectives: The main objective of the study was to assess prevalence of hypertension in CKD patients and the adverse drug reactions in chronic kidney disease patients with hypertension. Materials and Methods: The study was carried at Nephrology department of K R Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, from April 2020 to October 2020. A total of 84 patients were enrolled in the study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient’s demographics data were collected using data collection forms. The adverse drug reactions were analyzed by using Naranjo causality assessment scale and Hartwig’s severity assessment scale. Results: Among 84 patients, female gender shows dominance over males and most of CKD patients have hypertension (88.1%). Hypertension is the most common Comorbidity among the age group between 65-74 years and >74years in CKD patients followed by diabetes mellitus. Our study also point out that stage 3 CKD patients have uncontrolled hypertension compared to other stages of CKD. Out of total patients, 14 were presented with ADRs (16.7%). Hypokalemia, vomiting & headache and interstistial nephritis were the most commonly reported ADRs .57.1% of ADRs were mild and 42.9% were moderate. 42.9% of ADRs were probable and 57.1% were in the possible category. Conclusion: ADRs can be reduced by pharmacist intervention, providing education and awareness about the disease and importance of medication adherence among the study population.